File synchronization (or 'syncing') in computing is the process of making sure that files in two or more locations are updated through certain rules.
In one-way file synchronization, also called mirroring, updated files are copied from a 'source' location to one or more 'target' locations, but no files are copied back to the source location. In two-way file synchronization, updated files are copied in both directions, usually with the purpose of keeping the two locations identical to each other. In this article, the term synchronization refers exclusively to two-way file synchronization.
File synchronization is commonly used for home backups on external hard drives or updating for transport on USB flash drives. The automatic process prevents copying already identical files and thus can save considerable time from a manual copy, also being faster and less error prone.[1] However this suffers from the limitation that the synchronized files have to physically fit in the portable drive. Synchronization software that only keeps a list of files and the changed files circumvents this problem (e.g. the "snapshot" feature in Beyond Compare or the "package" feature in Synchronize It!). It is particularly useful for mobile workers, or others that work on multiple computers. It is possible to synchronize multiple locations by synchronizing them a pair at a time.
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